OLAFUR ELIASSON


Born in 1967
Lives and works in Copenhagen, Denmark and Berlin


Education

1995
The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen


Selected Solo Exhibitions

2010
“Innen Stadt Außen,” Martin‐Gropius‐Bau, Berlin
“Multiple shadow house,” Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York
"Olafur Eliasson: Din blinde passager," ARKEN Museum of Modern Art, Ishøj, Denmark
"Olafur Eliasson & Ma Yansong: Feelings are Facts," Ulens Center for Contemporary Art, Beijing

2009
“Projekt Sammlung (6): Olafur Eliasson: The moving museum” Kunsthaus Zug, Zug,
Switzerland
“ls the sky part of a landscape,” PKM Trinity Gallery, Seoul
“Olafur Eliasson: Your chance encounter,” 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art,
Kanazawa, Japan
“The cubic structural evolution project," Hervey Bay Regional Gallery, Queensland, Australia; and Caloundra Regional Art Gallery, Australia
“Take your time: Olafur Eliasson," Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; and Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney, Australia

2008
“50 moons of Saturn,” Second edition of the Torino Triennale, Castello di Rivoli Museo D’Arte Contemporanea, Rivoli, Turin
"La naturaleza de les coses / The nature of things," Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona; and Centre Cultural Caixa Girona‐Fontana d'Or, Girona, Spain
"Spatial vibration: string ‐ based instrument, study II," Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York
"Summer solstice," Jarla Partilager, Stockholm, Sweden
"The inside of outside," neugerriemschneider, Berlin
"Your mobile expectations: BMW H2R project," Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich, Germany

2007
“Take your time: Olafur Eliasson,” San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, California, 2007- 8; travelled to The Museum of Modern Art and P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center, New York, 2008; Dallas Museum of Art, Texas, 2008-9; Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, 2009; and Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney, 2009-10.
“Your tempo: Olafur Eliasson,” San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, California, 2007-8; and Winter solstice, Jarla Partilager, Stockholm, 2007-8

2006
“A laboratory of mediating space,” Aedes am Pfefferberg, Berlin

2006
“Light lab (test I - XII),” Portikus, Frankfurt am Main, 2006-8
“Omgivelser,” Andersen-S Contemporary, Copenhagen
“The endless study,” Österreichische Friedrich und Lillian Kiesler - Privatstiftung, Vienna
“Your constants are changing,” Gallery Koyanagi, Tokyo
“Your engagement sequence,” Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York
“Your waste of time,” neugerriemschneider, Berlin

2005
“Meant to be lived in (Today I’m feeling prismatic),” Emi Fontana West of Rome, Jamie Residence, Pasadena, California
“Notion motion,” Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 2005-6
“The body as brain, Projekt Sammlung (3),” Kunsthaus Zug, Dorfstrasse, Switzerland
“The light setup,” Lunds Konsthall, Sweden; and Malmö Konsthall, 2005-6
“Your light shadow,” Hara Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo

2004
“Colour memory and other informal shadows,” Astrup Fearnley Museet for Moderne
Kunst, Oslo
“Frost activity,” Reykjavik Art Museum–Hafnarhús, Reykjavik, Iceland
“Minding the world,” ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum, Århus, Denmark
“Photographs,” Menil Collection, Houston
“Your lighthouse: Works with light 1991 - 2004,” Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Germany

2003
“Funcionamiento silencioso", Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia ‐ Palacio de
Cristal, Parque del Retiro, Madrid, Spain
"Sonne statt Regen," Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus und Kunstbau München,
Munich, Germany
"Olafur Eliasson," Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York
"The blind pavilion," Danish Pavilion, 50th Venice Biennale, Venice
"The weather project," The Unilever Series, Tate Modern, London
"The body as brain: Projekt Sammlung (1)," Kunsthaus Zug, Switzerland
"Delight and other luminous movements," Galleria Emi Fontana, Milan

2002
“Chaque matin je me sens différent, chaque soir je me sens le même," Musée d’Art
Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris
“Olafur Eliasson,” i8 Gallery, Reykjavik, Iceland
“The cartographic series I + II,” Niels Borch Jensen Galerie und Verlag, Berlin

2001
“Your only real thing is time," Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston
"The mediated motion," Kunsthaus Bregenz, Austria
“Projects 73: Olafur Eliasson; Seeing yourself sensing,” The Museum of Modern Art, New York

2001
"Die Dinge, die du nicht siehst," die du nicht siehst, neugerriemschneider, Berlin
"Structural evolution project," Mala Galerija, Ljubljana, Slovenia

2000
“The curious garden," Irish Museum of Modern Art, Dublin
“Surroundings surrounded,” Neue Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz, Austria; and ZKM - Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie Karlsruhe, Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie Karlsruhe 2001
“Focus: Olafur Eliasson; Your intuitive surroundings versus your surrounded intuition,”
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago
"Olafur Eliasson," Kunstverein Wolfsburg, Germany
"Your now is my surroundings," Bonakdar Jancou Gallery, New York

1999
"Your circumspection disclosed: A project for the castle," Castello di Rivoli, Museo d’Arte
Contemporanea, Turin, Italy
"Yet untitled," Kunstverein Wolfsburg, Germany
"Your position surrounded and your surroundings positioned," Dundee Contemporary
Arts, UK

1998
“Olafur Eliasson," Galerie Peter Kilchmann, Zurich, Switzerland
"Yet untitled", neugerriemschneider, Berlin

1997
"The Curious Garden," Kunsthalle Basel, Basel
"Nye Fotos, Stalke Galleri," Copenhagen
"Your sun machine, Marc Foxx Gallery," Los Angeles
"Your windy corner," Galleri Andreas Brändström, Stockholm

1996
"Your strange certainty still kept," Tanya Bonakdar Gallery, New York
"Tell me about a miraculous invention," Galleri Andreas Brändström, Stockholm, Sweden; and Malmö Konstmuseum, Sweden
"Your foresight endured," Galleria Emi Fontana, Milano

1995
"Eine Beschreibung einer Reflexion, oder aber eine angenehme Übung zu deren Eigenschaften," neugerriemschneider, Berlin
"Thoka," Kunstverein in Hamburg, Germany

1994
"Einige erinnern sich, dass sie auf dem Weg waren diese Nacht," Galerie Lukas & Hoffmann, Cologne, Germany
"Lilja Lever (Petrun, Vølven)," Stalke Galleri, Copenhagen, Denmark
"No nights in summer, no days in winter," Forumgalleriet, Malmö, Sweden.


Selected Group Exhibitions

2010
“Dopplereffekt. Bilder in Kunst und Wissenschaft,” Kunsthalle zu Kiel

2009
“BEST OF AUSTRIA. Eine Kunstsammlung,” Lentos Kunstmuseum Linz, Linz, New
Zealand

2009
“Rotating Views #1: Astrup Fearnley Collection,” Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art, Oslo
“Camere 8: Olafur Eliasson, Giulio Paolini, Erwin Wurm,” Galleria RAM radioartemobile, Rome
“Science versus Fiction,” Bétonsalon, Paris
“Il Tempo del Postino,” Theater Basel, Art 40 Basel
“The World Is Yours,” Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Copenhagen
“FLASH! Light and movement (Valoa ja liikettä),” Sara Hildén Art Museum, Tampere,Finland
Arken Museum for Moderne Kunst, Ishøj, Denmark
“Mediated Experience: Olafur Eliasson’s books,” Artelibro, Art Book Festival, Bologna
“Rethink Relations,” Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen

2008
“Das Sehen sehen: Neoimpressionismus und Moderne; Signac bis Eliasson,” Kunsthaus Zug, Switzerland
“Thyssen-Bornemisza Art Contemporary: Collection as Aleph,” Kunsthaus Graz, Austria
“A Room of One’s Own,” Castello di Rivoli, Turin, Italy
“Serpentine Gallery - The Experiment Marathon: Part 2,” Reykjavik Arts Festival, Reykjavik
Art Museum
“Moralische Fantasien,” Kunstmuseum Thurgau, Warth, Switzerland
“Revolutions - Forms that Turn,” 16th Biennale of Sydney, Sydney
“Infinite Ice: Traversing the Arctic and the Alps from 1860 to the present,” Albertina, Vienna
“U - Turn,” Quadrennial for Contemporary Art, Copenhagen
“pleinarism,” i8 Gallery, Reykjavik, Iceland
“YOUniverse,” Third International Biennial of Contemporary Art, Seville, Spain
“Full House – American Art from the Collections of Guggenheim and Kiasma,” Museum of Contemporary Art, Kiasma, Helsinki
“Martin-Gropius-Bau,” Berlin

2007
“Refract, Reflect, Project: Light Works from the Collection,” Hirshhorn Museum and
Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C.
“Future systems: Rare Moments,” Lentos, Kunstmuseum Linz, Germany
“Re ‐ distribution of the sensible,” Magnus Müller, Berlin
“The Shapes of Space,” Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
“Destroy, She Said,” Julia Stoschek Collection, Düsseldorf, Germany
“A North Light ‐ Cynosure,” The Pier Arts Centre, Orkney, UK
“Il Tempo del Postino,” Manchester International Festival, UK

2007
“Nature Design. Von Inspiration zu Innovation,” Museum für Gestaltung Zürich,
Switzerland
“Window/Interface,” Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, Washington, D.C.
“2move–Migrante Video,” Zuiderzeemuseum Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
“I can only see things when I move. Positionen zeitgenössischer Kunst auf Papir,” Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden–Kupferstich-Kabinett, Germany 2007-8
“Space for your future,” Museum for Contemporary Art, Tokyo

2006
“Nature Attitudes,” Thyssen - Bornemisza Art Contemporary (T-B A21), Vienna
“Where are we going?”: Opere scelte dalla collezione François Pinault,” Palazzo Grassi, Venice
“The Expanded Eye,” Kunsthaus Zürich, Switzerland
“Surprise, Surprise,” Institute of Contemporary Arts, London
“Intensive Science,” La Maison Rouge, Paris
“Eye on Europe: Prints, Books, & Multiples / 1960 to Now,” The Museum of Modern Art, New York

2005
“Making Things Public: Atmosphären der Demokratie,” Zentrum für Kunst und
Medientechnologie, Karlsruhe
“Tími, rými, tilvera,” Reykjavik Arts Festival, Iceland
“Your black horizon,” 51st Venice Biennale (exhibited in Art Pavilion by David Adjaye,commissioned by Thyssen-Bornemisza Art Contemporary, Vienna); and Lopud Island, Croatia (2007)
“Here Comes the Sun,” Magasin 3 Stockholm Konsthall, Stockholm, Sweden
“Sweet Taboos: Temptations,” 3rd Tirana Biennale, Albania
“Expérience de la durée,” 8th Biennale d’Art Contemporain de Lyon, France
“Arte all’Arte 10: Arte Architettura Paesaggio,” Associazione Arte Continua, San Gimignano, Italy
“Ecstasy: In and About Altered States,” Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
“Lichtkunst aus Kunstlicht,” Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie, Karlsruhe, Germany
36 x 27 x 10, White Cube Berlin / Volkspalast, Palazzo della Repubblica, Berlin

2004
“realityREAL: Arbeiten auf Papier,” Galerie Gebr. Lehmann, Dresden, Germany
“The Amazing and The Immutable,” University of South Florida Contemporary Art Museum, Tampa, Florida
“La Colmena, La Colección Jumex,” Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico
“Nouvelles Collections,” Centre PasquArt, Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
“Double Exposure,” Brigitte March Galerie, Stuttgart, Germany

2004
“Everything Is Connected, he, he, he,” Astrup Fearnley Museet for Moderne Kunst, Oslo
“Reflecting the Mirror,” Marian Goodman Gallery, New York
“Monument to Now,” Deste Foundation Centre for Contemporary Art, Athens, Greece
“ein ‐ leuchten,” Museum der Moderne Salzburg, Austria
“Artists’ Favourites: Act II,” Institute of Contemporary Arts, London
“The Encounters in the 21st Century: Polyphony ‐ Emerging Resonances,” 21st Century
Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa, Japan
“Moving Parts: Forms of the Kinetic (Bewegliche Teile: Formen des Kinetischen ),” teirischer Herbst, Kunsthaus Graz, Austria; and Museum Tinguely, Basel,
“Invisibile,” Palazzo delle Papesse Centro Arte Contemporanea, Siena, Italy

2003
“Revisitar Canarias,” Galería Elba Benítez, Madrid, Spain; travelled to Sala la
Regenta, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; and Sala La Granja, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
“The Straight or Crooked Way,” Royal College of Art, London
“Utopia Station,” 50th Venice Biennale, Italy; travelled to Mostra d’Oltremare, Naples, Italy; Haus der Kunst, Munich, Germany; Kunst + Projekte, Sindelfingen, Germany; and World Social Forum, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
“Nuevos Proyectos,” Foundación NMAC, Cádiz, Spain
“Louise Lawler / Add to it; Portikus im Leinwandhaus: Tobias Rehberger / Olafur Eliasson
& Zumtobel Staff,” Portikus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
“U‐Topos,” 2nd Tirana Biennale, Albania
“Sitings: Installation Art 1969 ‐ 2002,” Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
“Einbildung: Das Wahrnehmen in der Kunst,” Steirischer Herbst, Graz, Austria
“The Fifth System: Public Art in the Age of Post‐Planning,” 5th Shenzhen International
Public Art Exhibition, China

2002
“Thin Skin: The Fickle Nature of Bubbles, Spheres, and Inflatable Structures,” AXA Gallery, New York; travelled to Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art, Arizona; International Museum of Art and Science, McAllen, Texas; Chicago Cultural Center, Illinois; Ulrich Museum of Art, Kansas; Wichita State University, Kansas; Bedford Gallery, Walnut Creek, Califonia; Boise Art Museum, Idaho; and Gemeentemuseum Helmond, The Netherlands. (organized by Independent Curators International, New York)
“The Theory of Leisure,” La Colección Jumex, Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico
“Beyond Paradise: Nordic Artists Travel East,” Museet for samtidskunst, Oslo; travelled
to Danish Contemporary Art Foundation, Copenhagen; Finnish Fund for Art Exchange, Helsinki, Finland; Svenska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Tadu Contemporary Art Gallery and additional venues, Bangkok, Thailand; National Art Galley and additional venues, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and Fine Art Museum and Jin Wen Art Center, Shanghai, China (organized by Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden)

2002
“Claude Monet…bis zum digitalen Impressionismus,” Fondation Beyeler, Riehen,
Switzerland
“Opening Exhibition,” Galleri Kirke Sonnerup, Kirke Saaby, Denmark
“From the Cool Light,” Niels Borch Jensen Galerie und Verlag, Berlin
“The Object Sculpture,” Henry Moore Institute, Leeds, UK
“Moving Pictures: Contemporary Photography and Video from the Guggenheim Museum
Collection,” Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York and Guggenheim Bilbao, Spain
“Dialoghi Europei d’Arte: Città di Napoli,” Castel dell’Ovo and Castel Nuovo, Naples, Italy
“The air is blue (el aire es azul),” Casa Luis Barragán, Mexico City, Mexico
“Mirror Mirror,” Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art (Mass MoCA), North Adams, Massachusetts

2001
“Freestyle: Werke aus der Sammlung Boros,” Museum Morsbroich Leverkusen, Germany
“Neue Welt,” Frankfurter Kunstverein, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
“En el Cielo,” 49th Venice Biennale, Italy
“Black Box: Der Schwarzraum in der Kunst,” Kunstmuseum Bern, Switzerland
“Projekt Nr. 30: 10 Years with Stalke Out Of Space,” Stalke Galleri, Copenhagen
“Palomino,” Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst, Leipzig, Germany
“Mega Wave: Towards a New Synthesis,” Yokohoma 2001: International Triennale ofContemporary Art, Japan
“Aubette: Het verlangen naar een (andere) plaats,” Museum Dhondt‐Dhaenens, Deurle,
Belgium

2000
“Organising Freedom ‐ nordisk 90‐tals konst,” Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden
and Charlottenborg Udstillingsbygning, Copenhagen, Denmark.
“The Greenhouse Effect,” Serpentine Gallery, London
“Wanås 2000,” Stiftelsen Wanås Utställningar, Knislinge, Sweden
“Naust, Øygarden,” Tjeldstø, Norway
“Wonderland,” Saint Louis Art Museum, Missouri
“Benesse Prize Winners Exhibition,” Naoshima Contemporary Art Museum, Kagawa, Japan
“Preis der Nationalgalerie für junge Kunst,” Nationalgalerie im Hamburger Bahnhof–
Museum für Gegenwart, Berlin

1999
“d’APERTutto,” 48th Venice Biennale, Italy
“Sogni / Dreams,” Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, Turin, Italy

1999
“Can You Hear Me?,” 2nd ARS BALTICA Triennal of Photographic Art, Stadtgalerie im Sophienhof, Kiel, Germany; travelled to Kunsthalle Rostock, Germany; Contemporary Art Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania; Kunsthaus Dresden, Germany; Bergen Kunsthall/Bergens Kunstforening, Norway; and Galleria Otso, Espoo, Finland.
“Carnegie International 1999/2000,” Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
“Children of Berlin: Cultural Developments 1989‐1999,” P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center, Long Island City, New York
“German Open 1999: Gegenwartskunst in Deutschland,” Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg, Germany
“Arte Continua,” Casole d’Elsa I, San Gimignano, Italy
“Neste Stopp,” Kunstfestivalen i Lofoten, Norway

1998
“Sightings: New Photographic Art,” Institute of Contemporary Arts, London
“Undergrund,” Galerie Asbæk, Copenhagen
“Interferencias, “Sala de Exposiciones del Canal de Isabel II, Madrid, Spain
“Nuit blanche, scènes nordiques: Les années 90,” Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de
Paris; travelled to Reykjavik Art Museum, Reykjavik, Iceland; Bergen Kunstmuseum, Norway; Porin Taidemuseo, Pori, Finland; and Göteborgs Konstmuseum, Sweden.
“Seamless,” de Appel arts centre, Amsterdam
“Do All Oceans Have Walls?,” Gesellschaft für Aktuelle Kunst, Bremen, Germany
“Mai 98: Positionen zeitgenössischer Kunst seit den 60er Jahren,”Kunsthalle Köln, Cologne,Germany
“La ville, le jardin, la mémoire,” Villa Medici, Académie de France à Rome, Italy
“Kunst & Windenergie zur Weltausstellung,” Rathaus der Landeshauptstadt Hannover, Germany
“Something Is Rotten in the State of Denmark,” Kunsthalle Fridericianum, Kassel, Germany
“Projekt Nr. 12: Et blik på halvfemserne, “Stalke Out of Space, Copenhagen / Amtsgården,
Roskilde, Denmark
“Every Day,” 11th Biennale of Sydney, Australia
“Edstrandska Stiftelsens Konstnärsstipendiater 1998,” Rooseum Center for Contemporary Art, Malmö, Sweden
“Berlin / Berlin,” 1st Berlin Biennial, Germany
“Cool Places: 7‐oji Baltijos šalių meno trienalé,” Contemporary Art Center, Vilnius, Lithuania
“Auf der Spur: Kunst der 90er Jahren im Spiegel von Schweizer Sammlungen,” Kunsthalle
Zürich, Switzerland

1998
“Light x Eight: The Hanukkah Project,” Jewish Museum, New York

1997
“Schauplatz Museumsquartier: Zur Transformation eines Ortes,” Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna
“Studija Islandija,” Contemporary Art Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
“Louisiana Udstillingen: Ny Kunst fra Danmark og Skåne,” Louisiana Museum for Moderne Kunst, Humlebæk, Denmark
“On Life, Beauty, Translations and Other Difficulties,” 5th International Istanbul Biennial, Turkey
“Trade Routes: History and Geography,” 2nd Johannesburg Biennale, South Africa

1996
“Prospect 96: Photographie in der Gegenwartskunst,” Frankfurter Kunstverein and Schirn
“Declining and becoming,” Manifesta 1, Kunsthal Rotterdam, The Netherlands
“Remote Connections: Media Art in the Era of Displacement,” Neue Galerie am
Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz, Austria, travelled to Wäino Aaltonen Museum of Art, Turku, Finland; and Art Focus, Tel Aviv, Israel.
“Skulpturparken ved Vestvolden – Hvidovre,” Denmark
“Skriget. Borealis 8”, ARKEN Museum for Moderne Kunst, Ishøj, Denmark

1995
“Campo 95,” Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, 46th Venice Biennale, Italy; travelled to Sant'Antonino di Susa, Turin, Italy; and Malmö Konstmuseum, Sweden

1994
“Europa '94, Junge europäische Kunst in München,” MOC Messehallen, Munich, Germany

1993
“Black Box–Kunst under jorden,” GLOBE Kuratorgruppe, Copenhagen
“Opening Show,” Galleri Nicolai Wallner, Copenhagen
“Overdrive, 10 Young Nordic Artists,” Project Room, Copenhagen


Selected Public Projects

2008
The New York City Waterfalls, temporary installation, commissioned by Public Art Fund, New York.

2007
Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2007, in collaboration with Kjetil Thorsen; temporary installation, commissioned by Serpentine Gallery, London.

2006
Eye see you, commissioned by Louis Vuitton Malletier; temporary installations for Louis Vuitton boutiques worldwide, 2006-07.
Music wall, permanent installation at Alsion in Sønderborg, Denmark, commissioned by Syddansk Universitet, Odense, opened October 30.
Your rainbow panorama, permanent installation; competition, commissioned by ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum. Expected completion date: 2010.

2004
Umschreibung, permanent installation; competition, commissioned by KPMG Deutsche Treuhand - Gesellschaft, Berlin, opened March 24.
Dufttunnel, permanent installation, commissioned by Autostadt GmbH, Wolfsburg, opened April 1.
The other wall, permanent installation; competition, commissioned by KORO–Public Art Norway for the New Oslo Opera, Norway, opened April 12, 2008.

2003
Sphere, permanent installation; competition, commissioned by HypoVereinsbank for Fünf Höfe development, Munich.

2001
Windspiegelwand, permanent installation, commissioned by Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit, Berlin, opened June 21.

2000
The movement meter for Lernacken, permanent installation, commissioned by City of Malmö.

1998
Yellow fog, temporary installation, The Jewish Museum, New York. Permanent installation at Verbund Zentrale, Am Hof, Vienna, opened October 9, 2008.
Green river, intervention in Bremen, Germany, 1998; Moss, Norway, 1998; The Northern Fjallabak Route, Iceland, 1998; Los Angeles, CA, USA, 1999; Stockholm, Sweden, 2000; and Tokyo, Japan, 2001.